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篇（1）

2.1 Current situation of company website translation 2

2.2 Samples of famous foreign company website 3

2.3 Features of company website translation 4

3. The skopos theory and company website translation 6

3.1 Introduction of Skopos theory 6

3.2 The wrong types of translation from the perspective of Skopos 8

   3.2.1 Functional translation errors 8

   3.2.2 Liguistic translation errors 9

   3.2.3 Cultural translation errors 10

4. Analyses of website translation of foreign trade company in Zhejiang province 13

4.1 Functional translation errors 13

   4.1.1 Problem of length 13

   4.1.2 Problem rooted from different thought pattern 15

4.2 Liguistic translation errors 16

   4.2.1 Spelling errors 16

   4.2.2 Improper use of punctuation 17

   4.2.3 Incorrect word translation 17

   4.2.4 Illogical arrangment 18

4.3 Cultural translation errors 19

5. Conclusion 20

Acknowledgements 21

References 22

1．Introduction

Thanks to the ongoing economic reform and opening-up and the irresistible trend of globalization, China’s communication with the world has been intensified in recent years. Though almost every company which deal with the foreign trade owns his English version website, the overall situation of the C-E translation of Chinese company website is far from satisfactory that leave a lot of work to do. For the present, most of the work are based on the rule of skopos theory which we will investigate later.

And with the popularity and applications of the Internet, the company website plays an increasing important role in foreign exchange, outreach, and the absorb foreign capital[2]. Although nowadays most domestic enterprises have set up their own websites and e-commerce platform, many export-oriented enterprises is established in English, the site has become a propaganda of the enterprise, an effective channel to promote company products. However, there is no difficulty in finding errors comparing the domestic foreign trade company website to the foreign company website. Some mistakes are even too much to bear. In recent years, there appears a large number of discussion on website translation, start from Skopos basis direction, and have a lot of research fruits on the problem of company website mistranslation. But for the relatively small corporate company website translation, it had not been given sufficient attention and standardized management, error-prone web site translation directly affect a company’s image.

2. Current situation and features of company website translation

In the world today, global and regional cooperation is in full swing and countries are increasingly interdependent. Company website provide a quick and convenient access to the general understanding of what a Chinese company is like, thus serving as bridges that enable business people from different countries with different cultural backgrounds to have a better understanding of each other. In fact, as a specialized and important area of translation, the translation of company profiles has its own features and particular communicative functions which deserve an in-depth and systematic study.

2.1 Current situation of company website translation

Foreign propaganda in the business text, Chinese text use more modifiers which using rhyme, parallelism, words with other parties type the text in order to increase the beauty, attract potential customers and clients. Many translators often find it difficult, even if be translated, also bite the bullet and let the readers of English-speaking find it difficult to understand. Company’s publicity text translation is accurate for the purpose of translation about business, product-related information. So prominent is the informational translation, first principle focus on the information, and others such as style, rhetoric and so on is secondary to bit. If translate directly, the text will cause a pile, information duplication, not meet the English language of expression. On the basis of Skopos principles, the translator should cut the original text appropriately in order for information receiver better understanding the text.

Different from other text types, a company profile is a special kind of text with particular purposes and functions. The translation purpose of company profiles is to enable more foreigners to know more about Chinese companies, thus achieving international recognition and establishing the credibility of the company and its products. In order to achieve these purposes and functions, more attention should be paid to target readers who have different cultural backgrounds in the company profile translation. According to skopostheorie, a translation action is determined by its Skopos and the end justifies the means. That means the purpose of translation determines the translation methods and strategies that are to be employed in order to produce a functionally adequate result. Therefore, in the C-E translation of company profiles, translators should adhere to Skopos rule, coherence rule and fidelity rule and it is applicable for them to adopt a TT-oriented or reader-centered translation strategy.

However, many translators in this field tend to neglect the translation purpose of company profiles. As a result, linguistic and cultural problems still exist and obstruct the achievement of the Skopos of company profiles. Enlightened by the functionalist approach, the thesis also conducts a comprehensive survey as to the readability and acceptability of the target text[6]. It is found that foreign people do not respond positively to the English translation of Chinese company profiles. These problems or errors adversely affect the quality of translation. Primarily under the guidance of the functionalist skopostheorie, the thesis puts forward a set of guiding principles for the C-E translation of company profiles, that is, idiomatic, comprehensible, and acceptable. By analyzing authentic examples, the study also justifies someappropriate strategies such as addition, abridgement and restructuring. A conclusion can be drawn that it is feasible to guide the C-E translation of company profiles in the light of the functionalist approach, particularly skopostheorie. In the translation process, the translator is expected to bear in mind the intended function of the target text and produce a version that is comprehensible and acceptable to the target reader. Due to great linguistic and cultural differences, the translation process usually involves considerable adjustments or adaptations of the source text in order to achieve the intended function of the target text.

Hopefully, the principles and strategies proposed in this study would be of some value to the C-E translation of company profiles as well as other public materials.

2.2 Samples of famous foreign website

There are a lot of famous company on the list of top 500 in the world, after searching for their company, not difficult in finding a lot of features in common about their web page design. The followings are classic samples.

Example[1]: In 1886, Coca-Cola® brought refreshment to patrons of a small Atlanta pharmacy. Now well into its second century, the Company's goal is to provide magic every time someone drinks one of its more than 400 brands. Coca-Cola has fans from Boston to Budapest to Bahrain, drinking brands such as Ambasa, Vegitabeta and Frescolita. In the remotest comers of the globe, you can still find Coca-Cola.

Coca-Cola is committed to local markets, paying attention to what people from different cultures and backgrounds like to drink, and where and how they want to drink it. With its bottling partners, the Company reaches out to the local communities it serves, believing that Coca-Cola exists to benefit and refresh everyone it touches.

(heritage.coca-cola.com/)

Example[2]: Software is a leading online portal for software products, with free downloads and expert software reviews to help you make an informed choice. We list thousands of discounted software products with prices that are almost always the lowest available in the country. We also list a huge selection of free downloads so you can try software free before you decide to buy.

The Software.com store features the the software industry’s leading publishers, including Microsoft, Intuit, Symantec, Adobe, Nuance and hundreds of others. Our software store provides users with rich resources including thousands of user reviews, articles, and product comparison charts.

    Software.com employs a team of industry experts with over 40 years of combined experience in online software distribution. Our goal is to bring you the best range of world-leading software, at the best prices, with rich reviews and product information so you can choose the software that is right for you. (software.com/about/)

 As we can see from these samples, the foreign company websites are more functional and focus more on introdu cing products, and the purpose are much stronger and prominent. This is exactly what our company website is lack of, for we always put more words in describing company history and prior tradition, but lack of products introduction and special users attraction.

2.3 Features of company website translation   

First of all, company website translation profile depends more on the skopos rules.  Different from other text types, a company website profile is a special kind of text with particular purposes and functions. The translation purpose of company website profiles is to enable more foreigners to know more about Chinese companies, thus achieving international recognition and establishing the credibility of the company and its products. In order to achieve these purposes and functions, more attention should be paid to target readers who have different cultural backgrounds in the company profile translation. According to skopostheorie, a translation action is determined by its Skopos and the end justifies the means. That means the purpose of translation determines the translation methods and strategies that are to be employed in order to produce a functionally adequate result. Therefore, in the C-E translation of company profiles, translators should adhere to Skopos rule, coherence rule and fidelity rule and it is applicable for them to adopt a TT-oriented or reader-centered translation strategy.

Secondly, primarily under the guidance of the functionalist Skopostheorie, the thesis puts forward a set of guiding principles for the C-E translation of company profiles, that is, idiomatic, comprehensible, and acceptable. By analysis authentic examples, the study also justifies some appropriate strategies such as addition, abridgement and restructuring. A conclusion can be drawn that it is feasible to guide the C-E translation of company profiles in the light of the functionalist approach, particularly skopostheorie. In the translation process, the translator is expected to bear in mind the intended function of the target text and produce a version that is comprehensible and acceptable to the target reader. Due to great linguistic and cultural differences, the translation process usually involves considerable adjustments or adaptations of the source text in order to achieve the intended function of the target text.

Hopefully, the principles and strategies proposed in this study would be of some value to the C-E translation of company profiles as well as other publicity materials.

At last, defined as the measure of all things in translation by Reiss, the ST is regarded by Vermeer as merely an “offer of information” which can be partly or wholly transmitted for the target audience, leaving its status much lower in skopostherie than in equivalence-based theories. And it is the purpose of the translation that determines what to translate, how much to translate and what strategies to employ in specific situations. For this reason, in C-E translation of company website, any translation strategy can be adopted provided it is effective in publicizing the company in the target culture and expanding its business there. The translator needs to serve as “cultural filtering”, which means making adjustments to the structure and style of the source text by addition, deletion and rewriting. In this section, different successful translation techniques applicable to company profile translation in light of skopostheorie will be explored.

3. The Skopos theory and company website translation

 

 A company website is a particular communicative message that an organization wants to deliver to a particular audience. It is essentially “a résumé” presenting an image of a particular company, aiming to “establish the credibility with the market the company serves” . Klein also argues that a company website provides insight about a company to its customers and prospects; potential employees and partners view it to evaluate whether or not it is the kind of company they’d like to work with. Generally speaking, a well-written company website contains the company’s founders, product range or service that a company offers, major stockholders, members of the board, address, telephone and fax numbers, website, and other vital information. Some website include their history and significant achievements they have made through the years. This thesis defines a company profile in a narrow sense and refers to a company introduction since introductory remarks head all the other subdirectory items and are of the most representative characteristics. The samples employed in this thesis include brochures and materials from the Internet and cover a great variety of b usiness fields such as banks, hotels, automobiles, medicine, wine, household electrical appliances, tobacco, and sports goods.

3.1 Introduction of skopos theory

The Skopos theory is an important functionalist theory of translation that was developed in Germany in the 1970s. It reflects “a general shift from predominantly linguistic and rather formal translation theories to a more functionally and socioculturally oriented concept of translation” [8]235. It greatly widens the research field of translation and puts translation researches in the framework of cross-cultural communication, instead of the narrow framework of source and target texts or the transmission between two languages. The Skopos theory draws inspiration from communication theory, action theory, text linguistics and text theory, and also from movements in literary studies toward reception theories. It is regarded as the core of German functionalism.

Hans Vermeer who proposed the Skopos theory gives his own definition of translation from a unique perspective that translation is a “purposeful action”. In the Skopos theory, translation is basically a type of communication. In other words, translation is a type of human action. Since action is the process of acting, which means “intentionally(at will)bringing about or preventing a change in the world (in nature), and thus can be defined as an intentional change or transition from one state of affairs to another” 18. Based on this belief, Vermeer put forward his translation principles, including the Skopos rule ad the guiding principle, and the coherence and the fidelity rule as subordinate principles.

It requires that a good translation be:

[1] pragmatic, accounting for the situational conditions of communicative interaction and, accordingly, for the needs and expectations of the addressees of the target text and even making the receiver the most important yardstick of translational decisions;

[2] culture-oriented, giving consideration to the culture-specific forms of verbal and nonverbal behaviour involved in translation;

[3] consistent, able to show the translator’s decisions in any type or form of translation task and make the target text a functional one;

[4] practical, accounting all the forms of transcultural communication needed; 

[5] normative, displaying the translator’s particular purpose;

[6] comprehensive, the communicative effects of a target text being equivalent to those of the source text;

.

3.2 The wrong types of translation from the perspective of Skopos theory

During the information exchanging, Chinese companies have to provide effective company website profile linguistically and culturally acceptable to their target readers. Consequently, the English translation of Chinese company website plays a significant role in ensuring a successful communication with the outside world. Yet the overall situation of the C-E translation of Chinese company profiles is far from satisfactory. From the perspective of Skopostheorie, “if the purpose of a translation is to achieve a particular function for the target addressee, anything that obstructs the achievement of this purpose is a translation error” [9]74. Thus, to decide whether a piece of translation is a translation error or not is neither to see whether the translation is grammatically correct or not, nor to see whether the translation is loyal to the meaning of the source text. Instead, it should depend on whether the translation has achieved the intended purpose of the original work. As far as the C-E translation of company profiles is concerned, major problems and errors result from the ignorance of linguistic and cultural differences. The common errors in the C-E translation can be roughly classified into two categories: functional translation errors, linguistic tr anslation errors and cultural translation errors.

3.2.1 Functional translation errors

Functional inadequacies occur in four ways. They may be pragmatic translation errors, which are the result of “inadequate solutions to pragmatic translation problems such as lack of receiver orientation”. Secondly, they may be cultural translation errors, which are “due to an inadequate decision with regard to reproduction or adaptation of culture-specific conventions”. Thirdly, they may be linguistic translation errors, which are “caused by an inadequate translation when the focus is on language structures”. Fourthly, and finally, they may be text-specific translation errors, which are “related to a text-specific translation problem and, like the corresponding translation problems, can usually be evaluated from a functional or pragmatic point of view” 76 .

Function refers to the factors which make the text work in the intended way in the target situation. Loyalty refers to the interpersonal relationship between the translator, the source-text sender, the target-text addresses and the initiator. Loyalty limits the range of justifiable target-text functions for one particular source text and raises the need for a negotiation of the translation assignment between translators and their clients[11]126.

The claim that a variety of strategies, often moving away from the linguistic surface of the source text, are necessary to produce a functional target text gives a more grounded precision to the claims of Goldblatt and Raffel. Nord’s argument helps us to understand that these strategies are not to be considered shortcomings or inadequacies, reluctantly accepted as abstract “poetry” but never as “scholarship” – they are deliberate and intelligent forms of both creativity and fidelity. Indeed they are the inevitable, different paths that translators must follow if they wish to create new texts based on their appropriately functional readings of the source-text. (Scholars, to paraphrase Raffel, are then entitled to translations as much as poets – but because their needs are different, they each require a different sort of translation.) If these strategies of non-equivalence are to be considered “mistakes” at all then they are, in a paradoxical way, “deliberate mistakes”, intentionally undertaken in order to recreate the text in a way that deviates from the literal surface meaning of the source text so as to represent its other, deeper, features. Other errors, or “mistakes”, which are the result of our intentions being neither adequate nor appropriate, might be considered, in contrast, to be “foolish mistakes”, the product of ignorance but not of maliciousness. And ignorance can be overcome by “an adequate level of language and culture proficiency”.

3.2.2 Lingustic translation errors

Linguistic translation errors are at the basic level among the four types of errors mentioned above. They usually stem from an incompetent translator’s poor command of the target language. Unfamiliar with the target language norms and conventions, an unqualified translator would make all kinds of errors, which range from levis (spelling and choice of words), semantics (meaning the source text intends to convey) to syntax (grammatical sentences and structure). Hence the translated text cannot be fully understood by the foreign audience. For example,“拳頭產品”has been translated literally as “fist product”. In Chinese,“拳頭產品” indicates that the product sells well in the market and it is regarded as a brand name. The counterpart “fist” in English, however, just means the hand when closed tightly with the fingers bent into the palm, which cannot convey the original meaning. It would be better to be translated as “knockout product”, “hard-punch product”or“product with a competitive edge” [12].

Example[3]: 三十年紡織品和服裝出口經驗，質量第一，信譽第一，友情第一，重合同，守信用，始終如一。(ex.cn)

Original version：Thirty years’experience of textiles and garments export.Quality the best.Reputation and friendship the foremost. Always abide by contacts and credibility.

Revised version：The rendering in this example is a typical word-for-word one, let alone the grammatical mistake in the last sentence “Always abide by contacts and credibility”. The deliberate faithfulness of its sentence structure actually results in sen tence fragments in English, which are far from emotionally appealing to the English readers. Such redundant syntactic structure will surely confuse the target readers.

Example[4]: 集“中國馳名商標”、“中國名牌”、“國家免檢產品”和“國家出口商品免驗”等榮譽于一身的特步(中國)有限公司，位于福建省泉州市經濟技術開發區。(xtep.com.cn/)

Original version：Xtep(China)co.,ltd.,honored with China's famous and popular brand, China's famous brand, products exempt from inspection and export products exempt from inspection; which locates in Quanzhou Economic and Technological Development zone. After correcting the grammatical errors in this version,an improved version could be:

Revised version：Xtep(China)Co., Ltd.,winning honors like “China’s famous and popular brand”, “China’s famous brand”, “inspection-exempt products” and “inspection-exempt products for export”, which is located in Quanzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone. 

3.2.3 Clutural translation errors

What does the word “culture” mean？As we have seen, culture is ubiquitous, multidimensional, complex and all-pervasive. Though there has been a century of efforts to define culture by scholars from different points of view, an agreement has so far not been reached[13]. The definition of culture seems simple but complex in reality. It covers aspects of everyday life to cognitive and social structure. And it refers to communities that have different attitudes toward political and social issues, different cultural practices and references in their private lives, different social backgrounds, etc.

In 1871, in his classic book Primitive Culture, British anthropologist Edward Tylor first gave the definition of culture which is widely quoted :“culture...is that complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, law, custom and any other capacities and habits acquired by man as a member of society” [13]. This definition is far from complete and vague to some extent because it only stressed the spiritual part of culture, but has neglected its material basis without which culture is an impossibility.

Translation and culture are closely related to each other. Translation is a cross-cultural communication. Various scholars have elaborated on the relationship between culture and translation.

Toury holds that translation is a kind of activity which inevitably involves at least two languages and two cultural conditions48.

In order to achieve the expected purpose of the C-E translation of company profiles, it is particularly important to know the role of culture in the C-E translation of company profiles. First of all, culture affects the selection of company profiles. In order to carter for the target readers, the initiators have to select materials that characterize the Chinese culture and are acceptable in the target cultural system. Secondly, culture affects the acceptability of translations in the target culture[18]. Because of the cultural differences, what is appreciated in one culture may not be acceptable in another culture differences, what is appreciated in on culture may not be acceptable in another culture. Thirdly, culture also affects the approaches to be adopted in the translation process. For different translation purposes, people may resort to different apporaches to solve cultural clashes.

Chinese and western cultures differ greatly in their historical development, geographical locations, customs, conventions, religious beliefs and aesthetics,which have a great impact on cross-cultural communication.According to Skopostheorie, a cultural translation error occurs when something in the translation doesn't conform to the norms and conventions in the target culture. Cultural transla tion mistakes or errors, though very covert, cause a lot of hideous barriers in the cross-cultural communication.

As has been mentioned above, what is appreciated in the Chinese culture may be unacceptable in the English culture due to the cultural differences. For example, we have always prided ourselves as“龍的傳人”, which is literally translated as“descendants of the dragon”. However, the Chinese word“龍” in the Chinese culture is not equivalent to the “dragon” in the western culture. Though both of them are legendary animals, their images and connotations are quite different. In the Chinese culture, the image of “龍” has undergone a series of changes before it takes its present form. It has the combined features of a number of animals—a reptile-like animal with a scaled body and claws, which can not only crawl, but also swim and fly. It is the symbol of the Chinese nation and the Chinese national spirit. It represents power, supremacy and auspice. In feudal China, emperors were compared to dragons. But in the western legends, dragon is a huge lizard with wings, scales and a long snake-like tail. It can spit fire. Dragon in the western culture is the symbol of evil[19]. So if the phrase“以外貿企業為龍頭” is translated into English as “with foreign trade firms as the dragon’s head”, the foreigners will feel awful when they read the translation. It will be acceptable when it is translated as“with foreign trade firms as the locomotive(or flagship)”.

Besides, English company profiles emphasize simplicity, individuality and substantiality, while Chinese ones stress elegance, uniformity, and authority. For this reason, the author of this present paper suggests that to realize intended commercial purpose, translators should avoid literally translating four-character phraseology into English because foreign consumers may show their doubts at the first sight of these patterns:“Who knows?” as shown in the following examples.

Example[5]: 該廠能生產大衣、西裝、時裝、襯衣、毛衣等不同類型服裝用的上千個花色品種的紐扣，產品規格齊全，品種繁多，造型新穎。(lxbutton.com/)

Original version：The factory can produce thousands of type of buttons for coats, suits, fashions, shirts and sweaters. They have complete ranges of specification and various types and are novel in shape.

Revised version：The factory can produce various new types of buttons in thousands of different designs for coat, suits, fashions, shirts and sweaters.

It seems that the modifications in the second English version not only successfully achieve commercial effect but also makes the content more succinct. Hence, a translator should always bear in mind that cultural comparison is a “must” in the translation process. Without comparisons of the two cultural systems, successful translation would not be possible.

4. Analyses of website translation of foreign trade company in Zhejiang province

There are many famous foreign trade companies in Zhejiang province, almost every company owns its English version website profile which focus to attract foreign business partners around the world. But owing to the different levels of translators who work as the company website translation, there exists a big difference in the quality of website translation, some even cause serious problem which make foreign trade partner confused about the compani's business and even products' function. So it is very important for translators of company website to follow some principles while dealing with the translation work.

4.1 Functional translation errors

4.1.1 Problem of length

The main reason for the too long translation is the profile of the translation focus too much on faith, but neglect removing or simplifying the useless information for audience. In accordance with the “Skopos rule”, the purpose of translation decides the behaviour of translation work. The translators should add, adjust or predigest the original work depending on the purpose of the translation.some of the original target information is out of communicative value which will make the translation empty, trash-talking and even affecting the information transforming.

Example [6]: 進入新世紀后，娃哈哈已擁有了雄厚的產品自主研發能力和技術創新能力，在雄厚的資金保障下，通過引進國際最先進的生產設備技術，進行消化、吸收、再創新，使公司擁有強大的核心競爭能力。同時，通過自主開發營養快線等系列創新產品，廣開銷路，實現科學發展，行業龍頭地位日益穩固。目前，娃哈哈正在不斷擴大投資規模，不斷自主創新，向著世界500強企業的目標闊步前進！(劃線部分為錯誤點）(wahaha.com.cn/aboutus/history/)

    Original version: The third time milestone development: entering the new era, Wahaha cultivated the dependent R&D ability and the technology innovation ability. Secured by abundant capital, we adopted the international advanced equipment technology with absorption and d igestion, making sure that Wahaha keeps the core competitive edge. We also developed the popular products like Nutrition Express to sustain the scientific development, stabilizing our leading position. Currently, Wahaha keeps further investment and constant innovation, aiming for becoming the world Top 500 enterprises.

We can find that some information in the Chinese version is useless and redundant,“消化、吸收、再創新”,“自主研發能力和技術創新能力”they all means innovation.so we can simplify the version into:

Revised version: Entering the new era, Wahaha cultivated the ability of innovation and R&D with abundant capital, we adopted the international advanced equipment with renew ability, making Wahaha keep the core competitive edge. At the same time, we have developed the popular products like Nutrition Express to sustain the scientific development, stabilize our leading position. Currently, Whaha keeps investment and innovation for becoming the world top 500 enterprises。

Example [7]: 東方機械位于風景秀麗、物產豐富、經濟發達、文化繁榮，素有江南“魚米、皮革之鄉”美稱的錢塘江畔。(hua-jia .com/s1.htm)

Original version: Our factory is located in Dingqiao Town by the Qiantang River where is famed as"The Home of fish，Rice and Leather"，with beautiful scenery，rich products，flourishing economy and prosperous culture.

Revised version: “...located at Dingqiao Town by the Qingtang river, our company specialized in the production of ... ”（we can just delete the underlined part)

Example [8]: 2003年初，公司為滿足國內市場對專用車的需要，及時調整產品結構并成立的專用車公司，在做穩、做強客車的同時，投巨資實施專用車項目，精心打造有洛陽宇通特色的專用車產品，本著“低端切人、高端占領”的原則，經過精心籌備，四大系列產品即混凝土攪拌車系列、散裝水泥車系列、加油車系列、灑水車系列一經投放市場，便以其全新的設計、優美的造型、細膩的工藝贏得了市場的青睞。(lyyt.com/t9/index.asp)

Original version: In the early of 2003, in order to meet the demands for special-purpose car in domestic market, we adjusted our product's structure and set up a new department dealing with special purpose car. While steadying and strengthening the production of passenger car, we invest large amounts of money in special-purpose car to carefully make this kind of products with vivid Luoyang Yutong characteristics. With the principle of cutting in from the low end and taking possession at the high end, our four series of products were put into market in April of 2003 after careful preparation. They are dowser series, water cart series, bulk cement vehicle series and concrete-mixing vehicle series. The products win for their new designation, exquisite molding and technique.

Revised version: In addition to its wonderful performance in the sector of passenger cars, Luoyang Yutong Automobile co., Ltd. Moved forward with an aggressive campaign to stay at the forefront of transportation. In the early of 2003, we set up a new sector to manufacture special-purpose vehicles including fuel trucks, spraying cars, bulk cement trucks and concrete-mixing trucks which are tailored to the needs of Chinese market. They gained excellent reputation for their original design and state-of-the-art technics among clients as soon as they were put into market in April of the same years.

4.1.2 Problem rooted from different thought pattern

In the functionalist perspective, the purpose of a translation is to achieve a particular function for the target address, and anything that prevents the achievement of this purpose in considered as a translation error. This means that a particular expression or utterance is not inadequate in itself; it only becomes inadequate with regard to the communicative function it was expected to achieve. Furthermore, Nord classifies the translation errors into four categories: pragmatic, cultural, linguistic and text-specific ones[9]. Study of the small corpus shows those translation errors in the translated corporate website are mainly linguistic and cultural. In the following parts, the author is to demonstrate the problems common to nearly all the sample texts, with suggested solutions thereafter.

Example [9]: 引進大量的科技管理人才,成立“真愛集團人才聯誼會” 形成“重知識，重人才” 的良好氣氛。(truelovegroup.com/english/about/about.asp)

Original version: To form well atmosphere “esteem acknowledge, esteem intellect”, truelove employed a mess of technology and management persons and set up “truelove group talent sociality”.

Revised version: To form well atmosphere “respect knowledge and talents”, Truelove employed talents and set up “Truelove talents Union”.

Example  [10]:

(1)醫德醫風

Medical ethics

(2)全體員工精誠團結，上下一心

All the staffs unite absolute sincerity

(3)上有上策，下有下策，有令不行，有禁不止。

Disobey orders and defy prohibition.

In these translations repetitions have been talked carefully.The Word “ethics” contains the meaning of both“德”and“風”. The Chinese“精誠團結”and“上下一心” which have the same meaning are translated into “unite in absolute sincerity.” As with these, the third English sentence fully renders the Chinese version whose second part means the same as the first one.

Let's quote example (2) as another example of this strategy. Taking a look at the underlined parts, we find the Chinese phrase“進入飯店” has not been translated. The English version “Hong Kong Peninsula Hotel Management Group introduced us ...” is clear and sufficient to express the meaning of “進入飯店，帶來…”. If we translate it in the word-for-word way “as entered the hotel and brought...”, the TT readers in English cultures will be confused. Thus, leaving out tautological words is one of the communicative methods in translating to realize the purpose of the TT. More specifically, this translation is a compliance with coherence rule rather than the fidelity rule.

4.2 Linguistic translation errors

A linguistic translation error is at the most basic level among the types of errors mentioned above. They usually stem from an incompetent translator's poor command of the language. Unfamiliar with the language norms and conventions, an unqualified translator would make all kinds of mistakes, which range from lexis (spelling and choice of words), syntax (grammatical sentence and structure) and semantics (meaning that the source text intends to convey).

4.2.1 Spelling errors

Example [11]: 本公司始終堅持以“質量為本，科技創新，優質服務，環保產品”為發展宗旨。(chinacgic.com/company.asp)

Original version: Our company has all along been adhering to such a development philosophy: quality basis, technological innovation, high-quality service and environment-friendly products.

Revised version:our company has all along been adhering to such a developing idea: quality basis, technological innovation, high-quality service and environment-friendly products.

Example [12]:“成功電子” 以擁有您的支持而自豪，并有信心通過我們不斷的努力使您以使用“成功電子” 產品而驕傲。(chinacgic.com/)

Original version: Success Electronics is proud for having your support and convinced that our constant efforts can make you proud of using our products.

Revised verion: Success Electronic is proud for having your support and it convince that our constant efforts can make you proud of using our products.

4.2.2 Improper use of punctuation

Example[13]: 公司自創辦以來,不斷擴大規模,更新產品的種類。歡迎各中外客商前來共創商機! (rx-china.com/)

Original version: The company spread dimensions at once. sincerely welcomes its friends to have business negotiation, cooperate with them and jointly make great achievement.

Revised version: Since the establishment of our company we have always been expanding our industrial scale and adding new ranges to our production line. Now we warmly welcome our customers, both at home and abroad, to come together and enjoy better business opportunities!

Example [14]: 本公司經營的產品廣泛用于通訊設備、家用電器、儀器儀表、數碼產品行業、電子玩具以及工業自動化設備等各種領域, 在電子行業有很高的聲譽。(zszyss.com/)

Original version: The product of company’s operation is used in the various fields such as communication equipment, electric home appliances, instrument appearance, digital product profession, electronictoy as well as industrial automatic equipment extensively, we have very high reputation on electronic profession.

Revised version: The products we deal in are widely used in such areas as communication, household electrical appliances, instruments and meters, digital products, electric toys and industrial automatic equipment. Our company enjoys a high reputation in the line of electronic.

4.2.3 Incorrect word translation

Example [15]: 本公司近年致力弘揚、推廣中華優秀傳統文化和與之相結合的高新科技。2002年起被中央有關部門指定為外交部國禮系列圖書國內外主要發行單位之一。(zylp.com/)

Original version: This company recent years devoted to bring honor to , to promote the China outstanding traditional culture and high speed science which unified with it. In 2002 is assigned by the central department concerned one of for country cash as a present book domestic and foreign main release units .

Revised version: We have been carrying forward and popularizing traditional Chinese culture combined with newly developed high-tech. In 2002, our company was appointed to be one of the authorized publishers of series of golden books as official gifts for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Example [16]: 百果園占地面積20 畝,花園式布局,生產車間4800m²,設有原料、粗加工、成品、包裝、冷藏、鍋爐等生產車間。(baiguoyuan.com.cn/)

Original version: Baiguoyuan is like a garden it cone ns an area of zomu, with 3400 sguan meters work shop, including material storage workshop , naw processing workshop, finshed produet workshop, packing workshop, cold stonage workshop and boilen workshop.

Revised version: Baiguoyuan, a well laid out garden-like enterprise, covers an area of 20 mu, and owns a production department of 4800 square meters including workshops handling materials, rough processing, finished goods, packing, refrigerating and a boiler room.

4.2.4 Illogical arrangement

Illogical arrangement is primarily coordinated at the incorrectly translation of an individual expression or sentence's elements which cause incoherent and misunderstanding.

Example [17]:(本單位)成立于1988年,是經國家建設部批準,專業從事地基與基礎工程施工的壹級企業。(richelevator.com/hz/)

Original version:We are the stair enterp rise professioned on construction of groundwork and base engineering approved by national construction department founded in 1988.

Revised version: Our company, with the approval of Ministry of Construction, was established in 1988 and we are now a first grade enterprise specializing in the construction of groundwork and foundational engineering.

Example [18]: 公司非常重視對員工隊伍素質的培訓工作,專門成立了人力資源部,對員工進行操作技術、專業技能、安全生產、市場意識、產品質量等方面的培訓。(chinacgic.com/)

Original version: The company emphasize on training for the staff, specialize to establish HR department, train manipulating technique, specialty skill, safe producing, market apperceiving, product quality and the other side training.

Revised version:We put emphasis on training our working staff and specially set up a human resources department for the purpose of guiding our staff members to master new operating techniques, professional skills, safety in production, marketing strategies and quality control.

4.3 Cultural translation errors 

When preparing an English version of the corporate profile, the Chinese companies tend to translate literally the existing Chinese language, regardless of the fact that different addressees require an adjustment of the relationship between the explicit and implicit information in the target text and that the target cultural conventions should be given priority.

Example[19]: 公司于2000年順利通過ISO9001: 2000版國際質量體系認證，形成了一套完整的質量保障體系，2002年11月被中國輕工業質量認證中心授予 “環保陶瓷”稱號。(.cn/)

Original version：the company passed ISO9001:2000 International Quality System Certification in 2000, and has established a complete quality assurance system. It was awarded as “Environmental friendly ceramics”.

  In this short paragraph, the company exhibits four honorary titles: ISO9001:2000版國際質量體系認證，“環保陶瓷” without further explaining what the awards are about, what requirements should be met to win each and how this company is qualified to receive the glories. For people who are familiar with the awarding system, this information is able to serve as a strong support for the qualification of company. However, the westerners are probably not so moved by these titles. Questions may haunt the readers, such as “what is the evaluation standard of the award?” “how often is the award granted?” “how many enterprises can get award in each season?” in other words, only when the information becomes convincing enough can the foreigners acknowledge the qualification of the company.

5．Conclusion

It should have been a progress for the development of the Chinese enterprises since the bilingual corporate websites open a new channel for them to present themselves to the world; however, in the analysis of the translated company introductions, the author observes quite a number of errors and problems prevailing the target text, which can hardly help achieve the function of the source text, only to ruin the image of the company. After all, a company with a poor English introduction can hardly convince the potential customers of the top-quality claim of the product and service therein. Delving into the translated corporate profiles, the author finds out that as far as the translation of the Chinese corporate profiles is concerned, Chinese companies still have a long way to go.

In this light, the paper analyses the language, cultural-specific terms and discourse of the translated corporate website translation, locates common errors and proposes some methods for better communication with the international audience.

However, as nearly all the cooperate profiles are translated literally in the process, even if the linguistic and cultural errors are corrected the target texts still appear awkward in the whole text and fail to become fluent English. In other words, any corrections made in the English sentences do not solve the problem and cannot ensure a functionally satisfactory reaction from the audience.

Guo Jianzhong says the translation of pragmatic texts is an art of re-expression based on writing techniques. It holds true to the company introduction, which is tattooed to translate according to the source text’s diction and structure. What the translators need to do is to adapt to or rewrite the source text before translating. Though the English may be not literally correspondent with the original source text, the meaning of the content and stylistic features retain. As a result, the communication carries out successfully and the function is fulfilled.

 

Acknowledgements

My initial thanks go to my supervisor Yang Xue, who patiently supervised my dissertation and was at times very willing to offer me illuminating advice or suggestions. Without her help, I could not have finished this dissertation.

I am also indebted to other teachers and my classmates who have not only offered me their warm encouragements but also shared with me their ideas and books. They are Zhang Lan, Zhu Ming, Wu Xiaoyun, and many others.

My greatest personal debt is to my parents, who have cultivated a soul of sensitivity, hospitality, and honesty out of me, and offered a harbor of happiness and sweetness for me.

The remaining weakness and possible errors of the dissertation are entirely my own.

 

References

[1] 熊艾莎. 義烏網站英譯常見錯誤及其對策分析 [D]. 義烏工商學院外語系研究生論文, 2006(1).

[2] 何森梅. 從目的論中看中文企業網站的英譯策略 [J].黎明職業大學學報, 2008(1).

[3] 韓孟其. 與目的論相悖的企業網頁翻譯 [J].中國航空工業管理學院學報(社會科學版), 2008(109).

[4] Nord, C. Translating as a Purposeful activity [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.

[5] 梁丁強. 目的論與企業簡介的翻譯原則及策略－以中國企業的英文簡介為例 [D]. 揚州大學英語系研究生論文, 2008.

. Leiden: Brill,1964.

. Retrieved Nov 16, 2007.

[8] Vermeer, H. J. Skopos and Commission in Translational Action [M]. New York: Gardner Press 2000: 221-232.

[9] Nord, C. Translating as a Purposeful Activity [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.

. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.

. New York: Gardner Press,1976.

[12] 張麗玲. 從目的論討論中英廣告翻譯中的差異 [D]. 暨南大學碩士學位論文 2007.

[13] 王娜. 從功能翻譯理論看中國企業簡介的翻譯 [D]. 首都師范大學碩士學位論文 2006.

. London: John Murray,1871.

[15] Toury,G. Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond [M]. Shnahgai:Shnahgai  Foreign Language  Education Press,2001.

[16] Gentzler, E. Contemporary Translation Theories [M]. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2004.

[17] Mary, Snell-Hornby. Translation Studies: An Integrated Approach [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Press, 2004.

[18] 譚載喜. 新編奈達論翻譯 [M]. 北京：中國對外翻譯出版公司,1999.

[19] 崔勝湘. 根據目的進行翻譯 [D]. 國防科學技術大學 碩士學位論文, 2004.

 

誠 信 承 諾

我謹在此承諾：本人所寫的畢業論文《外貿公司網站英譯研究之目的論視角》均系本人獨立完成，沒有抄襲行為，凡涉及其他作者的觀點和材料，均作了注釋，若有不實，后果由本人承擔。

篇（2）

指導教師評語

余雨晴的論文《高頻電子線路精品課程網站建設》，基本完成了高頻電子線路精品課程網站的設計，論文介紹了設計思想、制作過程，并設計了基本的網站雛形。閱讀指導教師指定的參考資料、文獻，開題報告有實施方案，并按要求完成外文翻譯，設計基本合理，對網站建設提出了個人見解，作者基本掌握了網站建設的基礎理論。論文撰寫規范，符合學位論文答辯要求。

同意該同學參加學位論文答辯。

評閱教師評語

余雨晴的論文《高頻電子線路精品課程網站建設》，基本完成了高頻電子線路精品課程網站的設計，論文介紹了設計思想、制作過程，并設計了基本的網站雛形。網站設計基本上合理、科學，表明作者基本上掌握了相關專業知識。畢業論文撰寫符合規范要求，論文達到了本科畢業論文的要求。

同意該生參加學位論文答辯。

答辯委員會評語

答辯小組通過對余雨晴的論文《高頻電子線路精品課程網站建設》的審核，認為該論文選題具有研究價值，基本上完成了網站的設計任務，設計基本上合理、科學。該生基本完成了畢業論文任務書所規定的內容，論文撰寫基本符合規范，答辯時能基本正確地回答問題。

經答辯小組討論，答辯成績定為及格。

2、楊婷

指導教師評語

楊婷同學的論文《PLL技術及其應用》，較好地完成任務書規定的設計任務。論文在詳細分析PLLIC電路的基礎上，利用鎖相集成電路設計了紅外自動控制水龍頭。紅外自動控制水龍頭運用LM音頻鎖相環芯片設計，同時結合定時器芯片和三端集成穩壓器等組合而成，設計合理。該生除全部閱讀指導教師指定的參考資料、文獻外，還能閱讀一些自選資料，并提出較合理的開題報告實施方案，按要求按時完成外文翻譯，譯文質量較好。對對研究的問題能正確分析，反映出作者較好地掌握了電科專業基礎理論與專業知識，論文撰寫規范，符合學位論文答辯要求。

同意該同學參加學位論文答辯。

評閱教師評語

楊婷同學的論文《PLL技術及其應用》選題具有實際意義，較好地完成了規定的任務，論文在詳細分析PLLIC電路的基礎上，利用鎖相集成電路設計了紅外自動控制水龍頭，紅外自動控制水龍頭是運用了LM音頻鎖相環芯片設計，同時結合定時器芯片和三端集成穩壓器等組合而成的電路。設計合理，表明作者比較好的掌握了電科專業相關的知識。畢業論文撰寫符合規范要求，論文達到了本科畢業論文的要求。

同意該生參加學位論文答辯。

答辯委員會評語

答辯小組通過對楊婷同學的論文《PLL技術及其應用》的審核，認為該論文選題具有研究價值，論文利用鎖相集成電路設計了紅外自動控制水龍頭電路，設計合理，表明作者比較好的掌握了相關專業知識，設計的產品具有一定的使用和參考價值。該生認真完成了畢業論文任務書所規定的內容，論文撰寫符合規范，答辯時能正確地回答問題。

經答辯小組討論，答辯成績定為良好。

3、王銳

指導教師評語

王銳同學的論文《基于FPGA技術的電子密碼鎖》，完成了任務書所規定地研究（設計）任務。論文采用EDA技術通過自頂向下的設計方法對數字密碼鎖進行了設計，描述了數字密碼鎖的總體結構、主要功能、設計流程、模塊劃分及總體和各模塊的VHDL源程序，并且給出了數字密碼鎖設計的仿真結果。外語資料翻譯尚可，論文格式基本規范，論述基本準確，達到了預期的要求，符合學士學位論文答辯的要求。

同意該同學參加畢業論文答辯。

評閱教師評語

王銳同學的論文《基于FPGA技術的電子密碼鎖》選題具有一定的實際意義，基本上完成了規定的任務，主要工作包括用EDA技術通過自頂向下的設計方法對數字密碼鎖進行了設計，描述了數字密碼鎖的總體結構、主要功能、設計流程、模塊劃分及總體和各模塊的VHDL源程序，并且給出了數字密碼鎖設計的仿真結果，存在的不足主要是沒有具體實現。畢業論文撰寫符合規范要求，論文達到了本科畢業論文的要求，同意該生參加學位論文答辯。

答辯委員會評語

答辯小組通過對王銳同學的論文《基于FPGA技術的電子密碼鎖》的審核，認為該論文選題具有一定的研究價值，作者具有一定的閱讀參考資料的能力，認為完成了畢業論文任務書所規定的內容，行文基本流暢，答辯時能較比較正確地回答問題。本文尚存在全篇結構不夠合理、沒有完全實現等缺陷。

經答辯小組討論，答辯成績定為中等。

4、周洋

指導教師評語

周洋同學的論文《純音聽力計的設計與實現》，較好地完成了任務書所規定地研究任務。論文從聽力計的發展趨勢和面臨現狀出發，基于對系統結構和功能要求的分析，論述了儀器的工作原理，軟、硬件設計方法和純音信號與噪聲信號的實現過程。外語資料翻譯尚可，論文格式基本規范，論述基本準確，達到了預期的要求，符合學士學位論文答辯的要求。

同意該同學參加畢業論文答辯。

評閱教師評語

周洋同學的論文《純音聽力計的設計與實現》選題具有一定的實際意義，基本上完成了規定的任務，從聽力計的發展趨勢和面臨現狀出發，基于對系統結構和功能要求的分析，論述了儀器的工作原理、軟、硬件設計方法和純音信號與噪聲信號的實現過程，設計基本合理。畢業論文撰寫基本符合規范要求，論文基本上達到了本科畢業論文的要求，同意該生參加學位論文答辯。

答辯委員會評語

答辯小組通過對周洋同學的論文《純音聽力計的設計與實現》的審核，認為該論文選題具有一定的研究價值，作者具有一定的閱讀參考資料的能力，基本完成了畢業論文任務書所規定的內容，行文基本流暢，答辯時能較比較正確地回答問題。本文尚存在全篇結構不夠合理、設計沒有完全實現等缺陷。

經答辯小組討論，答辯成績定為中等。

5、李思靜

指導教師評語

李思靜同學的論文《調頻電路及其設計》，很好地完成任務書規定的設計任務。論文采利用導頻制調頻立體聲發射接收技術及高性能的專用發射與接收集成電路，設計了一套基于BA和CXA的小型無線調頻立體聲系統。該生除全部閱讀指導教師指定的參考資料、文獻外，還能閱讀較多的自選資料，較好地理解課題任務并提出開題報告實施方案，能出色完成外文資料的翻譯，對研究的問題能較深刻分析，反映出作者很好地掌握了有關基礎理論與專業知識，論文撰寫規范，符合學位論文答辯要求。

同意該同學參加畢業論文答辯。

評閱教師評語

李思靜同學的論文《調頻電路及其設計》選題具有實際意義，完成了規定的任務，論文采利用導頻制調頻立體聲發射接收技術及高性能的專用發射與接收集成電路，設計了一套基于BA和CXA的小型無線調頻立體聲系統，表明作者很好的掌握了調頻通信方面的知識。畢業論文撰寫符合規范要求，論文達到了本科畢業論文的要求。

同意該生參加學位論文答辯。

答辯委員會評語

答辯小組通過對李思靜同學的論文《調頻電路及其設計》的審核，認為該論文選題具有研究價值，作者設計了一套基于BA和CXA的小型無線調頻立體聲系統，作者很好的掌握了調頻通信方面的知識。具有很好的閱讀參考資料的能力，認真完成了畢業論文任務書所規定的內容，行文流暢，論文撰寫符合規范，答辯時能正確地回答問題。

經答辯小組討論，答辯成績定為優秀。

6、王莉

指導教師評語

王莉同學的論文《無線電遙控系統設計》，較好地完成任務書規定的設計任務。論文設計了一種無線電遙控系統，包括發射電路的設計和接收電路的設計，實現了遠程遙控功能。該生除全部閱讀指導教師指定的參考資料、文獻外，還能閱讀一些自選資料，并提出較合理的開題報告實施方案，按要求按時完成外文翻譯，譯文質量較好。對對研究的問題能正確分析，反映出作者較好地掌握了有關基礎理論與專業知識，論文撰寫規范，符合學位論文答辯要求。

同意該同學參加學位論文答辯。

評閱教師評語

王莉同學的論文《無線電遙控系統設計》選題具有實際意義，較好地完成了規定的任務，論文設計了一種無線電遙控系統，包括發射電路的設計和接收電路的設計，實現了遠程遙控功能。設計合理，表明作者比較好的掌握了相關專業知識。畢業論文撰寫符合規范要求，論文達到了本科畢業論文的要求。

同意該生參加學位論文答辯。

答辯委員會評語

答辯小組通過對王莉同學的論文《無線電遙控系統設計》的審核，認為該論文選題具有研究價值，論文設計了一種無線電遙控系統，包括發射電路的設計和接收電路的設計，實現了遠程遙控功能。設計合理，表明作者比較好的掌握了相關專業知識，設計的產品具有一定的使用和參考價值。該生認真完成了畢業論文任務書所規定的內容，行文流暢，論文撰寫符合規范，答辯時能正確地回答問題。

經答辯小組討論，答辯成績定為良好。

7、趙霞

指導教師評語

趙霞同學的論文《電子信息科學與技術專業網站設計》，較好地完成電子信息科學與技術專業網站設計，完成了總體方案設計及留言板模塊和新聞管理功能模塊的結構設計與編程。本設計由兩位同學合作完成，趙霞同學負責新聞管理功能模塊的設計，其開發主要包括后臺數據庫的建立和維護以及前端應用程序的開發兩個方面。該生除全部閱讀指導教師指定的參考資料、文獻外，還能閱讀一些自選資料，并提出較合理的開題報告實施方案，按要求按時完成外文翻譯，譯文質量較好。論文撰寫規范，符合學位論文答辯要求。

同意該同學參加學位論文答辯。

評閱教師評語

趙霞同學的論文《電子信息科學與技術專業網站設計》選題具有實際意義，較好地完成了新聞管理功能模塊的設計，其開發主要包括后臺數據庫的建立和維護以及前端應用程序的開發兩個方面。網站設計合理、科學，表明作者比較好的掌握了相關專業知識。畢業論文撰寫符合規范要求，論文達到了本科畢業論文的要求。

同意該生參加學位論文答辯。

答辯委員會評語

答辯小組通過對趙霞同學的論文《電子信息科學與技術專業網站設計》的審核，認為該論文選題具有研究價值，較好地完成了新聞管理功能模塊的設計，其開發主要包括后臺數據庫的建立和維護以及前端應用程序的開發兩個方面，設計合理、科學。該生認真完成了畢業論文任務書所規定的內容論文撰寫符合規范，答辯時能正確地回答問題。

經答辯小組討論，答辯成績定為良好。

8、周星

指導教師評語

周星同學的論文《電子信息科學與技術專業網站設計》，較好地完成電子信息科學與技術專業網站設計，完成了總體方案設計及留言板模塊和新聞管理功能模塊的結構設計與編程。本設計由兩位同學合作完成，周星同學負責網站頁面的設計和留言板系統的設計。該生除全部閱讀指導教師指定的參考資料、文獻外，還能閱讀一些自選資料，并提出較合理的開題報告實施方案，按要求按時完成外文翻譯，譯文質量較好。論文撰寫規范，符合學位論文答辯要求。

同意該同學參加學位論文答辯。

評閱教師評語

周星同學的論文《電子信息科學與技術專業網站設計》選題具有實際意義，較好地完成了新聞管理功能模塊的設計，其開發主要包括網站頁面的設計和留言板系統的設計。網站設計合理、科學，表明作者比較好的掌握了相關專業知識。畢業論文撰寫符合規范要求，論文達到了本科畢業論文的要求。

同意該生參加學位論文答辯。

答辯委員會評語

答辯小組通過對周星同學的論文《電子信息科學與技術專業網站設計》的審核，認為該論文選題具有研究價值，較好地完成了網站頁面的設計和留言板系統的設計，設計合理、科學。該生認真完成了畢業論文任務書所規定的內容論文撰寫符合規范，答辯時能正確地回答問題。

經答辯小組討論，答辯成績定為良好。

9、蔡凌云

指導教師評語

蔡凌云同學的論文《數字調頻發射機的設計》，較好地完成了任務書所規定地研究任務。論文主要采用數字信號處理（DSP）和直接數字頻率合成（DDS）技術，實現了數字調頻發射機的設計。本設計由兩位同學完成，該生主要負責數字調頻發射機的數字調頻調制模塊部分的設計。外語資料翻譯尚可，論文格式基本規范，論述基本準確，達到了預期的要求，符合學士學位論文答辯的要求。

同意該同學參加畢業論文答辯。

評閱教師評語

蔡凌云同學的論文《數字調頻發射機的設計》，較好地完成了任務書所規定地研究任務。論文主要采用數字信號處理（DSP）和直接數字頻率合成（DDS）技術，實現了數字調頻發射機的設計。本設計由兩位同學完成，該生主要負責數字調頻發射機的數字調頻調制模塊部分的設計，設計基本合理。畢業論文撰寫基本符合規范要求，論文基本上達到了本科畢業論文的要求，同意該生參加學位論文答辯。

答辯委員會評語

答辯小組通過對蔡凌云同學的論文《數字調頻發射機的設計》的審核，認為該論文選題具有一定的研究價值，數字調頻發射機的數字調頻調制模塊部分的設計基本合理。作者具有一定的閱讀參考資料的能力，基本完成了畢業論文任務書所規定的內容，答辯時能較比較正確地回答問題。

經答辯小組討論，答辯成績定為中等。

10、張佳富

指導教師評語

張佳富同學的論文《高頻功率放大器及其設計》，基本地完成了任務書所規定地研究任務。論文對高頻功率放大器的發展以及應用做了介紹，設計了基本合理的高頻功率放大器電路。外語資料翻譯尚可，論文格式基本規范，論述基本準確，基本達到了預期的要求，符合學士學位論文答辯的要求。

同意該同學參加畢業論文答辯。

評閱教師評語

張佳富同學的論文《高頻功率放大器及其設計》，基本地完成了任務書所規定地研究任務。論文對高頻功率放大器的發展以及應用做了介紹，設計了基本合理的高頻功率放大器電路，設計基本合理。畢業論文撰寫基本符合規范要求，論文基本上達到了本科畢業論文的要求，同意該生參加學位論文答辯。

答辯委員會評語

答辯小組通過對佳富同學的論文《高頻功率放大器及其設計》的審核，認為該論文選題具有一定的研究價值，高頻功率放大器電路的設計基本合理。作者具有一定的閱讀參考資料的能力，基本完成了畢業論文任務書所規定的內容，答辯時能較比較正確地回答問題。

經答辯小組討論，答辯成績定為中等。

11、李薇

指導教師評語

李薇同學的論文《數字調頻發射機的設計》，較好地完成了任務書所規定地研究任務。論文主要采用數字信號處理（DSP）和直接數字頻率合成（DDS）技術，實現了數字調頻發射機的設計。本設計由兩位同學完成，該生主要負責系統在DSP方面的設計。外語資料翻譯尚可，論文格式基本規范，論述基本準確，達到了預期的要求，符合學士學位論文答辯的要求。

同意該同學參加畢業論文答辯。

評閱教師評語

李薇同學的論文《數字調頻發射機的設計》，較好地完成了任務書所規定地研究任務。論文主要采用數字信號處理（DSP）和直接數字頻率合成（DDS）技術，實現了數字調頻發射機的設計。本設計由兩位同學完成，該生主要負責系統在DSP方面的設計，設計基本合理。畢業論文撰寫基本符合規范要求，論文基本上達到了本科畢業論文的要求，同意該生參加學位論文答辯。

答辯委員會評語

答辯小組通過對李薇同學的論文《數字調頻發射機的設計》的審核，認為該論文選題具有一定的研究價值，系統在DSP方面的設計基本合理。作者具有一定的閱讀參考資料的能力，基本完成了畢業論文任務書所規定的內容，答辯時能較比較正確地回答問題。

經答辯小組討論，答辯成績定為中等。

12、宋治樺

指導教師評語

宋治樺同學的論文《射頻功率放大器》，完成了任務書所規定地設計任務。論文通過圖例和對比進行分析，闡述了射頻功放的基本理論；在研究了射頻功放的工作狀態、負載和調諧等外部特性的基礎上設計了一種射頻功率放大器。外語資料翻譯尚可，論文格式基本規范，論述基本準確，達到了預期的要求，符合學士學位論文答辯的要求。

同意該同學參加畢業論文答辯。

評閱教師評語

宋治樺同學的論文《射頻功率放大器》選題具有一定的實際意義，基本上完成了規定的任務，在研究了射頻功放的工作狀態、負載和調諧等外部特性的基礎上設計了一種射頻功率放大器，設計基本合理。畢業論文撰寫符合規范要求，論文達到了本科畢業論文的要求。

同意該生參加學位論文答辯。

答辯委員會評語

答辯小組通過對宋治樺同學的論文《射頻功率放大器》的審核，認為該論文選題具有一定的研究價值，作者具有一定的閱讀參考資料的能力，認為完成了畢業論文任務書所規定的內容，答辯時能較比較正確地回答問題。

經答辯小組討論，答辯成績定為中等。

13、鄒元杰

指導教師評語

鄒元杰同學的論文《基于單片機STCCLED點陣顯示》，很好地完成任務書規定的設計任務。系統以STCC單片機為主控芯片，利用溫度測量，實時時鐘芯片和數據存儲技術并配合軟件，實現了溫度的測量、時間、數據掉電不丟失等功能，最終很好地完成了規定任務。該生對研究的問題能較深刻分析，反映出作者很好地掌握了有關基礎理論與專業知識，實際動手能力強，論文撰寫規范，符合學位論文答辯要求。

同意該同學參加畢業論文答辯。

評閱教師評語

鄒元杰同學的論文《基于單片機STCCLED點陣顯示》，選題具有實際意義，完成了規定的任務。系統以STCC單片機為主控芯片，利用溫度測量，實時時鐘芯片和數據存儲技術并配合軟件，實現了溫度的測量、時間、數據掉電不丟失等功能，最終很好地完成了規定任務。畢業論文撰寫符合規范要求，論文達到了本科畢業論文的要求。

同意該生參加學位論文答辯。

篇（3）

“我們不是取消本科畢業論文，而是提倡多元化。”昨（16）日，四川大學宣傳部工作人員再次就有關方面的“誤讀”進行了說明，宣傳部工作人員希望大家不要狹義地理解畢業論文，論文制度必須保留，只是川大鼓勵多元化的畢業論文（設計）。

再次強調不可能取消畢業論文

“再次強調不是取消，而是提倡多元化。”昨日下午，川大宣傳部工作人員說，有些人沒有認真讀學校的文件，斷章取義。“學生讀了幾年書，總要有東西來檢驗，怎么可能取消畢業論文？”學校宣傳部一名姓李的老師說，現在學校提倡的是從傳統單一的寫論文方式擴展到學生可以自由選擇多種“畢業論文”形式，畢業論文的定義從狹義發展到了廣義，但并沒有取消。

做客網站改革的目標已經達到

昨日下午，四川大學新聞系主任張小元做客國內某網站，解讀最近由他最先透露的四川大學改革本科畢業論文一事。他表示，追求畢業考核形式多樣化的目標基本上已經達到了。

對于如何確保多樣化論文的質量問題，張小元表示，對有興趣做學術的學生，學校就嚴格按學術標準培養；有人選擇其他類型的畢業論文，學校就按照多樣方式培養。他同時也表達了自己的擔憂：“如何避免大學變成社會的職業訓練班，這是我們一直想避免的陷阱，而網友的擔憂中，我覺得最有價值的也是這個方面。”

個性教育>>>

川大將破格錄取怪才偏才

昨（16）日，四川大學公布了《四川大學關于特殊興趣和特殊專長學生選拔與培養的實施辦法》，工作人員解釋：“學校鼓勵怪才、偏才等特殊人才的成長。”學校將如何認定、選拔、培養這些特殊人才？學校宣傳部相關工作人員回答了記者的問題。

問：如何認定“雙特生”？

答：“雙特生”是指在某一學科領域有特殊興趣、愛好和特殊專長、潛質，或者在某一學科領域開始嶄露頭角或已經取得一定的成績，或者對一些冷僻、人才稀缺的學科領域有一定程度的深入了解、有一定獨到見解的奇才、偏才和怪才。

問：如何選拔“雙特生”？

答：學校將多渠道發現和選拔“雙特生”：一是高考錄取時對具有特殊興趣和特殊專長潛質的優秀中學生通過中學推薦、自主招生、高考成績等發現“雙特生”苗子，并在國家招生政策許可的前提下，優先或破格錄入四川大學相關專業學習；二是從已入學的學生中進行選拔，所有我校在讀本科生可以通過本人自薦、輔導員和教師推薦、專家考評等多種形式發現和選拔。

篇（4）

[中圖分類號]TP393.07 [文獻標識碼]A [文章編號]1009-5349（2013）07-0179-01

畢業論文是高等院校教學工作中的一個重要組成部分，采取傳統人工管理模式，在資料整理、選題、論文撰寫及指導、格式檢查、資源共享、論文管理等諸多方面存在管理成本高、效率低、效果差等一系列問題。[1]因此，使用信息化的電子系統對畢業論文設計流程進行管理，既方便了老師和學生，也可以節省更多的教學資源，老師、學生還可以高效地完成畢業論文設計工作。不僅方便學校對畢業生論文的整個流程的管理，而且擺脫過去由人用紙和筆進行的費時費力的繁重工作。可以把每一年的畢業生論文相關資料存儲在數據庫中，可隨時查看和打印相關數據，既節約資源，又達到對畢業論文統一管理的目的。[2]指導教師使用在線答疑功能，同時，便于導師及時了解學生論文進度，提高工作效率，指導教師和學生能夠通過Internet實現網上操作，打破了地域和空間的限制。

畢業論文管理系統是一個以畢業論文為核心的信息互動的平臺，為身處不同地理位置的師生提供了一個良好的平臺。從畢業設計課題的申報，到畢業設計論文提交，再到論文的評審及成績的給定，最后對畢業設計資料進行歸檔，這一系列的工作均可在網上實現，實現高效畢業生畢業設計的高效管理。

一、畢業論文管理系統應完成的任務

1.能夠實現從畢業論文選題到學生答辯通過的教學任務。由指導教師給定畢業設計題目，教研室主任審核通過后，通過系統平臺給學生。參加畢業設計的學生通過異地登錄選題系統可以查看畢業設計題目，自己可以根據所學專業特長及自身愛好，選擇相應的畢業設計題目。選題成功之后，學生需填寫畢業設計任務書，在任務書中需要明確畢業論文設計題目、預計完成時間以及指導教師等信息。接著，學生填寫開題報告，對所選設計題目進行研究方向和可行性、國內外研究現狀以及研究意義進行闡述和分析。指導教師同意此生開題之后，學生進入設計開發和畢業論文撰寫的階段，在此期間要定時向指導教師匯報設計進度，[3]論文撰寫完成之后，將論文提交給自己的指導教師等待審核。若審核通過，則進入答辯環節，答辯完成之后，指導教師及答辯小組老師將成績輸入系統，系統自動生成學生的畢業論文總成績。最后，會根據論文的專業方向及成績等級將論文進行分類并存儲，以便之后的學生下載、參考，指導教師提交優秀畢業論文。

2.能夠實現資料的高效管理、有效利用、快速檢索和統計。

3.還應能提供以下服務：、更新、處理公告；相關信息查詢；留言、論壇等。

4.對網站進行定期維護，如訪問統計、網站日志、權限管理等。[4]

二、畢業論文管理系統的功能應包含以下幾個方面

1.對論文進展情況進行監督和管理的功能。指導教師設定時間對學生設計開發和畢業論文撰寫進度進行檢查，實現論文在線提交開題報告、中期檢查和畢業論文審核書，只有通過指導教師審核的學生才能參加答辯。

2.選題的處理功能。原則上按照教師、學生雙向選擇模式確定學生論文選題工作，根據學生專業情況進行分流選題。根據學生的知識結構，對于大部分同學采用指導教師命題學生選題的方式，即多對多方式進行師生互選題；對于學習成績突出的同學可以自主命題，學生選擇心儀的指導教師進行指導；對于極少數學習成績較差的同學，指派指導教師督促和指導他們按時完成畢業論文學習任務。

3.論文綜合評分的功能。指導教師根據學生實際進展程度和論文水平，在論文答辯之前給自己指導的學生一個初評成績，答辯小組老師給定成績的平均值作為答辯成績。按照教學的管理要求，初評成績和論文答辯成績應按照一定比例最終給出論文綜合成績。

4.對論文資料統計的功能。對數據庫中的論文資料進行導出導入以及打印操作時，使用水晶報表可以實現動態數據綁定，將需要打印的論文資料數據與水晶報表相連接，提高了打印的效率和質量。

【參考文獻】

[1]李浩君，吳皖贛.高校畢業設計過程質量管理系統的設計與實現.中國教育信息化，2011（01）.

[2]周曉輝.基于B/S結構的畢業設計（論文）系統的設計與實現.價值工程，2011（14）.

篇（5）

一、高職生畢業設計（論文）的現狀

2004年4月，教育部在《關于加強普通高等學校畢業設計（論文）工作的通知》中指出：“畢業設計（論文）在培養大學生探求真理、強化社會意識，進行科學研究基本訓練、提高綜合實踐能力與素質等方面具有不可替代的作用，是教育與生產勞動和社會實踐相結合的重要體現，是培養大學生的創新能力、實踐能力和創業精神的重要實踐環節。”然而，由于高職畢業設計（論文）管理工作不到位、指導教師的水平不高和責任心不強、學生基礎差而且不重視等因素，導致學生畢業設計（論文）內容空洞、東拼西湊、泛泛而談、剽竊抄襲現象嚴重。

二、高職畢業設計（論文）存在的突出問題

1.對畢業設計（論文）重視程度不足。主要因為高職畢業生面臨的就業壓力逐年增大， 再加上大三學生已經走上實習崗位， 學生的主要精力都放在實習工作和尋找工作上， 而這一階段恰恰又是畢業設計（論文）撰寫的關鍵時期。由于現實中畢業論文質量的好壞對就業并無很大影響， 所以許多學生采取了消極應付的態度， 往往在很短的時間內就完成了畢業論文的撰寫，這在相當程度上影響了畢業論文的寫作質量。

2.偏離高職培養目標，畢業設計（論文）脫離就業實習。最近幾年，根據職業教育與普通教育的差異，在理論和實踐上進行了研究和探索，取得了不少重大成果，如高職培養目標的定位、高職的課程觀、教學方法等。然而，高職畢業設計（論文）的選題、撰寫要求等方面，仍然采用學科本位下的論文標準，強調畢業論文對學生科研能力的訓練功能，強調畢業論文的學術性、理論性、創新性。而高職院校在培養學生的過程中，應是以就業為導向組織教學活動，培養具有職業能力的學生。這就要求學生在指導教師的指導下，結合畢業實習，在進行相應的實踐操作之后完成畢業設計（論文）任務。

3.學生畢業設計（論文）寫作能力缺乏及異地實習等因素，教師指導難以達到理想效果。由于專業課程體系中很少設置有關的課程，學生文獻檢索能力、閱讀文獻能力、市場調研能力等畢業論文寫作所需能力無法通過有效的途徑得到，加上畢業設計（論文）與實習同步，學生異地實習，教師指導工作開展有一定困難。一方面，高職學生相對來講文化基礎較差，邏輯思維能力、語言表達能力都較弱，加上大學期間相關課程的缺乏，讓高職生寫出有較高水平的畢業設計（論文）確實有些勉為其難。另一方面，老師受指導學生人數多、教學任務重，時間緊等因素影響，致使難以達到預期的指導效果。

三、解決措施

網絡環境下的高職畢業設計（論文）指導（以柳州城市職業學院外語與旅游系為例）針對目前高職畢業設計（論文）指導中出現的諸多問題，我院根據精品課程建設標準，建成了具備一定規模的“畢業設計（論文）”專業網站（省略），并自從2009年1月以來一直服務于外語與旅游系“畢業設計（論文）”課程教學。有利于切實、及時、有效地做好畢業設計(論文)各個環節的過程管理，保證了畢業設計(論文)的質量。

具體表現在以下幾方面：

1.畢業設計（論文）與畢業實習結合。一方面，畢業設計（論文）與畢業實習在時間上是同步的，將兩者結合起來，有效的避免了學生為參加畢業實習而缺少時間和精力做畢業設計（論文）這一矛盾。更重要的一方面是，畢業實習是學生獲得畢業設計（論文）第一手資料的有效途徑。因此，將畢業實習與畢業設計（論文）兩個實踐環節并行實施，既可以讓學生有側重地根據個人研究方向及就業需求選擇實習單位，通過實習學生基本能夠適應相關崗位的需求，解決學生就業問題；又可以在設計過程中同步進行畢業實習，對所設計的內容作進一步檢驗，使畢業設計（論文）方案不斷完善，更趨合理，更具實際意義。如酒店管理專業采取畢業設計（論文）與畢業實習捆綁式管理方法，有利于學生結合實習工作選題，使得畢業設計（論文）更具實用價值，同時也有利于完成畢業設計（論文）寫作任務和實習任務。

2.網絡課程的應用，有利于資源共享，互助協作

①本網站主要包含以下幾個板塊：（1）課程內容。包括畢業設計（論文）寫作、畢業設計（論文）案例、畢業設計（論文）視頻、畢業設計（論文）大綱、畢業設計（論文）教案等。（2）各專業畢業設計（論文）模塊：包括畢業設計(論文)實施流程圖，提供優秀畢業設計(論文)范文、畢業設計(論文)案例教程、論文寫作指導演示文稿等供學生學習。（3）畢業論文工作管理。畢業設計（論文）的檔案模板、成績匯總、選題統計等。（4）論壇。指導老師和學生可以隨時登陸論壇發帖，對各種焦點問題發表自己的見解和看法，這種透明化、大眾化的方式更有利于問題的快速解決。每一個學生的論文完成進度與過程都會在論壇上詳細體現，從選題、開題報告到論文一稿、二稿直至終稿都會提交到網站上，指導教師會在學生提交的帖子上進行回復與指導。

篇（6）

[1] 維尼拉·木沙江，艾爾肯·伊米爾.維吾爾文Unicode在線處理技術與實現[J].新疆大學學報（自然科學版），2004，21（3）：332-334.

[2] TaliSmith.InstalltheSQLServerDriverforPHP[EB/OL].http：//iis.net/learn/application-frameworks/install-and-configure-php-on-iis/install-the-sql-server-driver-for-php.2009-11-15.

[3] 潘凱華，劉中華等編著.PHP從入門到精通[M]（第二版）.北京：清華大學出版社，2010.

[4] 陳軍紅，王瑞敬.PHP編程從基礎到應用[M].北京：清華大學出版社，2014.

[5] 賈志先.維吾爾語口試閱卷系統開發中若干問題的研究[J].智能計算機與應用，2015，5（4）：30-32.

php畢業論文參考文獻：

[1]楊長春，王葉薈。基于PHP的新聞系統[J].江蘇工業學院學報，2003，（04）。

[2]王志明，基于LAMP的本科畢業論文管理系統的設計[J]，電腦知識與技術，2008，（25）。

[3]程楠，基于PHP的醫學動態信息網站設計[J]，河南職工醫學院學報，2007，（04）。

[4]伍孝金，基于PHP的新聞系統的研究與實現[J]，計算機應用與軟件，2006，（10）。

[5]周啟海，劉云強，基于PHP、MYSQL、Apache的人事管理系統的設計與實現[J]，計算機時代，2004，（08）。

[6]趙鶴芹，設計動態網站的最佳方案：Apache+PHP+MySQL[J]，計算機工程與設計，2007，（04）。

php畢業論文參考文獻：

[1]楊根來.網上祭掃與喪失改革[J].社會福利，2005（1）.

[2]WellingL，ThomsonL.PHPandMySQLWebDevelopment，4thEdition[M].Boston：Addison-Wesley，2008.

[3]方晨.Dreamweaver/PHP/MySQL動態網站建設實務[M].上海：上海科學普及出版社，2006.

[4]于永軍.PHP+MySQL完全學習手冊[M].北京：清華大學出版社，2008.

[5]孫文江.PHP應用程序開發教程[M].北京：中國人民大學出版社，2013.

[6]仲林林.PHP+MySQL開發技術詳解[M].北京：中國鐵道出版社，2013.

[7]陳軍.PHP+MySQL經典案例剖析[M].北京：清華大學出版社，2008.

篇（7）

昔日的“咔噠咔噠”聲已經大為較少。看到這里，你肯定要問，難道“無縫線路”就不存在熱脹的問題嗎？物質不滅定律告訴我們，任何一種物質都不會消失，只不過從一種形式轉化為另一種形式。鋼軌的溫度力也同樣如此，它不可能消失，是人們在鐵路線上采用強大的線路阻力來鎖定軌道，限制了鋼軌的自由伸縮。在我國是采用高強螺栓、扣板式扣件或彈條扣件等對鋼軌進行約束。實驗表明，直徑24mm的高強螺栓，六孔夾板接頭可提供40至60噸的縱向阻力。彈條扣件每根軌枕可提供1.6噸的縱向阻力。由于無縫線路中鋼．給你個網址，你看看有沒有你需要的參考資料：請教各位畢業論文的結尾的怎么寫我馬上大學畢業請教一下怎么寫畢業論文?你好，我是學國貿的，想請教一下畢業論文和開題報告怎么寫，可以指點一.請教企業科技人才建設的畢業論文怎么寫，寫過的指導一下，謝謝我想寫一份無砟軌道應力放散的論文，可不知道從何．

畢業論文怎么寫

篇（8）

為讓客戶放心，也為保證論文質量，一般我網站操作流程如下：1、客戶將的相關申請要求發到網站信箱或提交給網站客服；2、網站客服收到申請后，發給作者一份詳細的申請表格；3、客戶在申請表格里面詳細填寫所需的各種要求，一般包括題目范圍（是否自擬）、專業論文類型（專、本、碩、博）、字數限制、時間周期、論文的詳細要求（這個方面就比較廣，比如文字復制比要求、是否建立模型、是否搭建系統平臺等）；4、網站客服收到客戶的申請表格后，聯系該專業或相關專業老師，確定能否按照客戶的要求；5、人員確定后，網站工作人員會在人員與客戶之間起橋梁作用，反復追蹤客戶的實時要求（一般是客戶老師提出的修改意見），直至服務完滿結束。

篇（9）

同時我還要感謝在我學習期間給我極大關心和支持的各位老師以及關心我的同學和朋友。

寫作畢業論文是一次再系統學習的過程，畢業論文的完成，同樣也意味著新的學習生活的開始。

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感謝馮·諾依曼先生。是他整出了世界上的第一臺計算機，才使得我們這些后人鳥槍換炮，由“剪刀加糨糊”的“學術土匪”晉級為“鼠標加剪貼板”的“學術海盜”。計算機，將我們從枯燥的書本中解救了出來，我們無須再在圖書館里東尋西覓，只要一敲鍵盤，我們就能方便快捷地搞定所需的一切。計算機，是我們寫論文的制勝法寶，是我們寫論文的大功臣。因此，他是我所應感謝的第一人。

感謝比爾·蓋茨先生。他以大無畏的革命主義精神、英雄主義精神和犧牲主義精神毅然從哈佛輟學。他發明了windows操作系統，創立了微軟公司，不遺余力地推動計算機事業的發展，將人類的歷史推進到了信息時代，將我們的地球變成了一個小小的村落。在信息的高速路上我們暢通無阻，正是借助了網絡我們才得以找到了豐富詳實的論文、資料。可以說，比爾·蓋茨先生以他的輟學換來了我們數以千萬計中國大學生的畢業。

感謝百度和Google公司。他們的搜索功能強大、快捷又免費。在這里，我敢說，我們每一位寫論文的同學，沒有一位不曾借助過它們。那些日子，我們啟動電腦后打開的第一個網頁一定是它們中的一個。是它們讓我們很方便地搜索到了我們所需要的“論文材料”，國內的、國外的，中文的、外文的。正是靠著這些“論文材料”，我們才得以順利完成我們的“百衲衣”論文。更感謝Google公司增設了翻譯功能，它的翻譯不僅正確率高而且功能強大，一次便可翻譯一整篇論文。我們的外文文獻，全賴于此。

感謝那些免費的站。雖說這些網站都是些不起眼的小網站，可正是它們無償地向我們提供了大量的論文藍本，保證了貧窮的我們也能得到所需要的論文。這可以說是一種“想人之所想，急人之所急”的人道主義精神。在這里，我殷切地呼吁那些收費的站，能夠向它們學習，端正服務態度，放下架子解放思想，變收費為免費，更好的為人民服務。

感謝我的導師。他放下神圣的師道尊嚴，以朋友的身份告訴我怎樣完成這篇論文。他告訴我如何搜集資料；他告訴我如何快捷地找到相關論文；他告訴我哪個學校的網站有本專業的碩士、博士論文；他指導我如何利用手頭上的論文取舍嫁接整合。本論文的完成，離不開他的悉心指導和孜孜不倦地教誨。

感謝負責答辯的老師。在我也不明白所寫為何物的情況下，他們只問了我兩個問題——都知道寫的是什么嗎？知道；參考文獻都看了么？看了——后便讓我通過了答辯。他們是如此和藹可親，他們是如此善解人意，他們是如此偉大而平易近人。

感謝那些與我朝夕相處了四年的同學。這些日子，他們和我一塊努力奮斗共進共退，相互鼓勵相互扶持，你幫我找我幫你找，互通有無，及時溝通，以免出現論文撞車事件。我們是如此的團結友愛，從未出現過“五十步笑百步”的現象，我們總是相互開導著：天下文章一大抄，不抄白不抄，抄了也白抄，白抄誰不抄？不抄大傻冒!正是在這樣的相互激勵下，我那抄公的羞恥感也便見了上帝，而我的論文也得以完成并順利通過。

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二、參加實習班級、人數及實習形式

（一）實習班級及人數：D04營銷1、2班，共計76人。

（二）實習形式：系部集中統一實習與學生自己聯系單位分散實習相結合。

1、推薦實習就業

由學院、系部統一聯系實習單位，原則上實習與就業緊密結合，對于不服從分配的畢業生，不再參與第二次分配，學生必須自行尋找實習單位。

目前的實習單位有：

xx集團等。

帶隊教師：

2、自找單位，自行實習。

由學生自行聯系單位，自愿組成實習小組，進行與市場營銷、電子商務、物流管理等有關的實習活動。

具體指導教師：

三、市場營銷專業實習工作領導小組

組長：

組員：

實習小組的任務是：

（一）幫助聯系或落實實習單位，安排學生實習；

（二）檢查實習進度，反饋實習意見，幫助解決學生實習中存在的問題；

（三）聯系實習指導老師及有關事項；

（四）考核學生實習成果。

四、市場營銷專業畢業實習時間及進程安排

系部實習就業動員大會定在20XX年1月9日下午14：00—15：00，地點6306教室。實習分為二個階段，即畢業實習階段和畢業論文撰寫、答辯階段。每一階段的實習內容和主要目標如下：

（一）畢業實習階段（20XX年2月10日至20XX年4月10日）：所有學生均到企業生產、經營、管理崗位上進行實崗操作。具體實習單位原則上由學生根據本人實際情況、并結合日后工作意向自行確定。自行安排實習單位的學生須在2月20日前把實習單位接受函交與輔導員；沒有聯系到實習單位者，與輔導員聯系，由系部協調安排。

1、實習要求：

通過實習使學生深入理解和掌握已學習過的市場營銷基本理論，基本方法和基本技能；進一步縮小理論教學與企業營銷實踐的差距，為以后學生很快走向社會，適應社會，成為優秀的營銷管理人才打下基礎。

2、實習內容：

（1）在實習指導教師和所在實習單位有關管理人員的指導下，深入到企業營銷活動的有關部門與科室的具體業務中去，進行實崗操作，盡快適應相關崗位要求和熟悉崗位技能。

（2）實習期間撰寫實習報告，字數不少于XX字。

（3）結合工商系網站給出的論文參考題目、也可自行設計初步確定自己的畢業論文選題。

3、實習報告格式要求：

（1）封面：論文題目（字體3號）、系別、班級、姓名、學號。字體為：黑體、四號。

（2）正文：仿宋、小四號。

（3）紙張：A4。用微機打印。

（4）實習報告中須有實習單位對畢業生的實習鑒定（實習單位蓋章），指導教師對實習報告寫出評語，并根據實習情況評定成績。

（5）實習報告不少于2千字，上交一式三份。

（二）畢業論文寫作、答辯階段（20XX年4月10日至20XX年5月26日）：

1、畢業論文寫作目的

畢業論文是高等教育完成學業的最后一個環節，它是學生的總結性獨立作業。撰寫畢業論文的目的是：

（1）有利于教學過程的完整性；

（2）檢驗學生專科階段基礎理論和專業知識的掌握情況；

（3）對學生科研能力的綜合訓練和全面檢驗

3、畢業論文要求

（1）學生在實習過程中搜集、整理畢業論文題目的相關資料，擬訂畢業論文的提綱，撰寫畢業論文。

（2）畢業論文結構布局的基本格式由標題、中文摘要、正文、參考文獻等四個方面內容構成（具體參見工商系網站上的論文指導書）。

（3）在論文的撰寫方面，要運用所學到的基本理論，對實際問題作具體的分析，把觀點和材料密切結合起來，力求做到：觀點明確，材料可靠，分析透徹，論證有利，結論科學。論文不少于3千字。

（4）學生在教師指導下獨立完成畢業論文，要嚴肅認真，實事求是。凡畢業論文的書面主要內容為抄襲，或弄虛作假，偽造數據者，成績以不及格論處。

4、畢業論文選題。各位同學請參考以下論文題目作為你的畢業論文選題，也可以在指導老師的指導下，選擇與本專業相關的其他題目。畢業論文的參考選題見附表一。

五、實習成績考核